Database is the popular word we often
listen in IT industry. In the IT world it is almost impossible to imagine an
application without Database.So let's understand it.
Database is organized collection
of the Data in such a way that it can interact with applications and even it
could convert into the information by little efforts. Access of this database
provides by the system called "Database Management System" (DBMS). DBMS
contains integrated set of software that allows users to interact and connect
with the one or more databases.
History
The development of database
technology can be divided into three eras based on data model/ structure
- Navigational
- SQL/relational
- Post-Relational
Navigational
The two main early navigational
data models were the Hierarchical model, developed by IBM: It was the first ever “Invented” database
by IBM in early 1960’s and more often used in IBM tools like Mainframe. This
model stored data in the tree like structure and data is stored as Records
(invented here) and linked to each others.
CODASYL (Conference on Data Systems Languages)
It was an organization founded in
1957 by the U.S. Department of Defense. Its mission was to develop computer programming
languages..
CODASYL is remembered entirely
for two activities –
- Its work on the development of the COBOL language
- Its activities in standardizing database interfaces
A number of vendors implemented
database products. The best-known implementations were in Honeywell and General
Electric - Integrated Data Store
SQL/ Relational
In the early 70’s Edgar Codd worked at IBM has invented some
rules to define Database and later on it became DBMS. DBMS changed the way to
store/ manage database. It helped engineers to evolved new applications with
the more crucial database part.
Instead of records being stored in some sort of linked list
of free-form records as in CODASYL, Codd's idea was to use a "table" of fixed-length records, with each
table used for a different type of entity. A linked-list system would be very
inefficient when storing "sparse" databases where some of the data for
any one record could be left empty. The relational model solved this by
splitting the data into a series of normalized tables (or relations), with
optional elements being moved out of the main table to where they would take up
room only if needed. Data may be freely inserted, deleted and edited in these
tables, with the DBMS doing whatever maintenance needed to present a table view
to the application/user.
IBM has developed tool System R in middle of the 70’s and
later on they developer database 2 (DB2) which is more popular to store data in
RDBMS system
In 80’s and 90’s so many vendors comes with data DBMS tools i.e.
Microsoft, Oracle, Tera Data etc.
In the rapidly changing world the tools enhances their capability
but at the same time data increased exponentially in the online world.
According to the survey, Real-time world generates around
20PB of data every day. So now we have lots of data and if can convert it into
the information and it will help people to take decisions.
NoSQL (Non - Relational SQL):
It is the latest concept comes for the data storage. Now a
days we have data in such a large size that we can not handle in the relational
model other way around I would say we can handle data but it's required so many
processors which will increase cost exponentially and even it will take time (sometime
in days) to process the data to convert it into information.
Data scientist comes with the idea
of NoSQL. It doesn’t store data in RDBMS format but it use document oriented
storage mechanism. Now a day to store log information. Hadoop Map Reduce is the
classic example to store data in NoSQL format. It stored data in Hadoop File
Storage System and Map Reduce function created to process data.
I will explain each of this database
storage system separately in detail in my upcoming posts.
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section!!
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